Grammar: Can / Can't

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The modal verbs "can" and "can't" (the contraction of "cannot") are used in English grammar to express ability, permission, and possibility. These usages are consistent across various forms of English, including American English. Here's a breakdown of how "can" and "can't" are used:

  • Expressing Ability:
"Can" is used to talk about someone's ability or skill to do something.
Example: "She can speak four languages."
 
  • Asking for and Giving Permission:
"Can" is also used to ask for or give permission, though this is more informal compared to "may."
Example: "Can I use your phone?" or "You can borrow my car."
 
  • Expressing Possibility or Impossibility:
"Can" and "can't" are used to talk about what is possible or impossible.
Example: "It can get very hot in the summer" (possibility) or "It can't be true" (impossibility).
 

In the U.S., these rules are followed just like in other English-speaking areas. However, there are some nuances specific to American English:

  • Informality of "Can" for Permission: In the U.S., "can" is commonly used to ask for or give permission in everyday conversation, though some might consider "may" to be more appropriate in formal settings.
  • Pronunciation and Emphasis: The pronunciation of "can" and "can't" in American English can be distinctive, particularly the vowel sounds. Also, to emphasize negation, Americans often stress "can't" strongly in sentences.
  • Use in Questions and Negative Sentences: "Can" is frequently used in questions and negative sentences. In spoken American English, contractions are common, so "cannot" is often shortened to "can't."

Colloquial Usage: In casual American speech, "can" might be used in contexts where other forms of English would prefer different modal verbs. For instance, "can" might be used for mild requests or offers (e.g., "Can I help you?").

Overall, while the fundamental rules for using "can" and "can't" are the same in the U.S. as in other English dialects, the differences lie mainly in pronunciation, informality, and some aspects of colloquial usage.

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